Who Killed Mexican Warlord Pancho Villa

Legendary Mexican warlord Pancho Villa was a survivor. He lived through dozens of battles, outlasted bitter rivals such as Venustiano Carranza and Victoriano Huerta, and even managed to evade a massive US manhunt. On July 20, 1923, however, his luck ran out: assassins ambushed his car, shooting it over 40 times with Villa and his bodyguards inside. For many, the question lingers: who killed Pancho Villa? Key Role in the Revolution Pancho Villa was one of the main protagonists of the Mexican Revolution. He was a bandit chieftain in 1910 when Francisco Madero began the revolution against aging dictator Porfirio Diaz. Villa joined Madero and never looked back. When Madero was murdered in 1913, all hell broke loose and the nation fell apart. By 1915 Villa had the most powerful army of any of the great warlords who were dueling for control of the nation. When rivals Venustiano Carranza and Alvaro Obregà ³n united against him, however, he was doomed. Obregà ³n crushed Villa at the Battle of Celaya and other engagements. By 1916, Villa’s army was gone, although he continued to wage a guerrilla war and was a thorn in the side of the United States as well as his former rivals. His Surrender and His Vast Hacienda In 1917, Carranza was sworn in as President  but was assassinated in 1920 by agents working for Obregà ³n. Carranza had reneged on an agreement to hand over the presidency to Obregà ³n in the 1920 elections, but he had underestimated his former ally. Villa saw the death of Carranza as an opportunity. He began negotiating the terms of his surrender. Villa was allowed to retire to his vast hacienda at Canutillo: 163,000 acres, much of which was suitable for agriculture or livestock. As part of the terms of his surrender, Villa was supposed to stay out of national politics, and he didn’t need to be told not to cross the ruthless Obregà ³n. Still, Villa was quite safe in his armed camp far in the north. Villa was fairly quiet from 1920 to 1923. He straightened out his personal life, which had become complicated during the war, ably managed his estate and stayed out of politics. Although their relationship had warmed a bit, Obregà ³n never forgot about his old rival, quietly waiting in his secure northern ranch. His Many Enemies Villa had made many enemies by the time of his death in 1923: President Alvaro Obregà ³n: Obregà ³n and Villa had clashed many times on the field of battle, with Obregà ³n generally emerging victorious. The two men had remained on speaking terms since Villa’s 1920 surrender, but Obregà ³n always feared Villa’s popularity and reputation. Had Villa declared himself in rebellion, thousands of men would have instantly flocked to his cause.Minister of the Interior Plutarco Elias Calles: Calles was a northerner like Villa and had become a general in the revolution by 1915. He was a shrewd politician, allying himself with the winners throughout the conflict. He held important posts in state governments and Carranza made him Minister of the Interior. He helped Obregà ³n betray Carranza, however, and kept his post. A close ally of Obregà ³n, he stood to take the presidency in 1924. He hated Villa, having fought him in the revolution on more than one occasion, and it was well-known that Villa opposed Calles’ progressive econo mic policies.Melità ³n Lozoya: Lozoya had been the administrator of the Canutillo hacienda before it had been given to Villa. Lozoya had embezzled huge sums from the hacienda while he was in charge, and Villa demanded it back...or else. The graft was apparently on such a scale that Lozoya could not hope to repay it, and may have killed Villa to avoid his own death.Jesà ºs Herrera: The Herrera family had been loyal Villa supporters at the outset of the revolution: Maclovio and Luis Herrera had been officers in his army. They betrayed him, however, and joined Carranza. Maclovio and Luis were killed at the Battle of Torreà ³n. Villa captured Josà © de Luz Herrera in March of 1919 and executed him and his two sons. Jesà ºs Herrera, the lone surviving member of the Herrera clan, was Villa’s sworn enemy and attempted several times to assassinate him from 1919 – 1923.Jesà ºs Salas Barraza: Salas was another old revolutionary who had first joined the fight against Vic toriano Huerta. After Huerta’s defeat, Salas joined Obregà ³n and Carranza against Villa. In 1922 he was elected congressman from Durango  but never forgot his old grievances against Villa.Governor of Durango Jesà ºs Agustà ­n Castro: Castro was another former foe of Villa: he was a supporter of Carranza who had been ordered to hunt Villa down in 1918-1919 without success.Any Number of Other People: Villa was a hero to some, a devil to others. During the revolution, he was responsible for thousands of deaths: some directly, some indirectly. He had a quick fuse and had murdered many men in cold blood. He was also a womanizer who had a number of â€Å"wives,† some of which were only girls when he took them away. Dozens if not hundreds of fathers and brothers might have had a score to settle with Villa. Assassination by Gunfire Villa rarely left his ranch and when he did, his 50 armed bodyguards (all of whom were fanatically loyal) accompanied him. In July of 1923, Villa made a fatal mistake. On July 10 he went by car to the neighboring town of Parral to serve as godfather at the baptism of the child of one of his men. He had a couple of armed bodyguards with him, but not the 50 that he often traveled with. He had a mistress in Parral and stayed with her for a while after the baptism, finally returning to Canutillo on July 20. He never made it back. Assassins had rented a house in Parral on the street which connects Parral with Canutillo. They had been waiting for three months for their chance to hit Villa. As Villa drove past, a man in the street shouted â€Å"Viva Villa!† This was the signal that the assassins were waiting for. From the window, they rained down gunfire on Villa’s car. Villa, who had been driving, was killed almost instantly. Three other men in the car with him were killed, including the chauffeur and Villa’s personal secretary, and one bodyguard died later of his injuries. Another bodyguard was injured but managed to escape. Who Killed Pancho Villa? Villa was buried the next day and people began asking who had ordered the hit. It quickly became apparent that the assassination had been very well organized. The killers were never caught. Federal troops in Parral had been sent away on a bogus mission, which meant that the killers could finish their job and leave at their leisure without fear of being chased. Telegraph lines out of Parral had been cut. Villa’s brother and his men did not hear of his death until hours after it had happened. An investigation into the killing was stymied by uncooperative local officials. The people of Mexico wanted to know who had killed Villa, and after a few days, Jesà ºs Salas Barraza stepped forward and claimed responsibility. This let many higher officials off the hook, including Obregà ³n, Calles, and Castro. Obregà ³n at first refused to arrest Salas, claiming his status as a congressman gave him immunity. Then he relented and Salas was sentenced to 20 years, although the sentence was commuted three months later by the Governor of Chihuahua. No one else was ever charged with any crime in the matter. Most Mexicans suspected a cover-up, and they were right. Conspiracy With Several Participants? Most historians believe the death of Villa played out something like this: Lozoya, the crooked former administrator of the Canutillo ranch, started making plans to kill Villa in order to avoid having to repay him. Obregà ³n got word of the plot and at first toyed with the idea of stopping it, but was talked into letting it go ahead by Calles and others. Obregà ³n told Calles to make sure that the blame would never fall on him. Salas Barraza was recruited and agreed to be the â€Å"fall guy† as long as he was not prosecuted. Governor Castro and Jesà ºs Herrera were also involved. Obregà ³n, through Calles, sent 50,000 pesos to Fà ©lix Lara, commander of the federal garrison at Parral, to make sure he and his men were â€Å"out on maneuvers† at the time. Lara did him one better, assigning his best marksmen to the assassination squad. So,  who killed Pancho Villa? If one name must be linked to his murder, it should be that of Alvaro Obregà ³n. Obregà ³n was a very powerful president who ruled through intimidation and terror. The conspirators would never have gone ahead had Obregà ³n opposed the plot. There was no man in Mexico brave enough to cross Obregà ³n. In addition, there is a good amount of evidence to suggest that Obregà ³n and Calles were not mere bystanders  but actively participated in the conspiracy. Source McLynn, Frank. Carroll and Graf, New York, 2000.

Guerilla Warfare in the Vietnam War - 620 Words

A small country such as North Vietnam was able to win a war against a superpower like the United States of America, through, namely, tactics – such as Guerrilla Warfare -, the ignorance of their enemy, the attitude of the South Vietnamese, as well as a strong leader such as Ho Chi Minh. The Vietnam War was a major conflict (of the Cold War) which lasted from 1959 to 1975 , with US involvement from 1964 to 1973 . US reasons for their involvement in the war was their fear of â€Å"The Domino Effect† - or – the US fear that communism would spread to Vietnam and Southeast Asia, making them a major threat to national security. The Fall of Saigon marked the end of the war in 1975. â€Å"If the tiger ever stands still, the elephant will crush him with his mighty tusks. But the tiger does not stand still. He lurks in the jungle by day and emerges by night. He will leap upon the back of the elephant, tearing huge chunks from his hide, and then he will leap back into the dark jungle. And slowly the elephant will bleed to death.† This quote by Ho Chi Minh emphasises his belief that Guerrilla tactics would be what would result in a win for the Vietcong. The Vietcong made use of tunnels, known as the Cu Chi Tunnels , which was a network of underground tunnels that the Vietcong resided in, and used to store supplies and care for the sick and injured. 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A New Network System For Their New Clinic

Question: You are an IT Director of a large healthcare system and your employer made a decision to build a new hospital within 15 miles of your current location. Your main data center will remain in the same location, and all your clinical applications will be made available to the new hospital. However, you need to plan a network infrastructure to extend access to all clinical applications at the new location. You are expected to: Identify all critical elements and technologies necessary to achieve stated goals of your project. Describe the resources you will require to achieve your project goals. Architect, at a high level, your proposed solution and draw a diagram in a software application of your choice, typically Power Point or Visio. List and describe clinical applications that will run on your proposed infrastructure. Identify benefits and risks to business operations and patient care environment, resulting from your proposed solution. Briefly describe to senior management why your solution is a good fit and how you will address the risks identified above. Answer: Abstract A large heath care system wants to open a new clinic within the 15miles from the present location of the clinic. Therefore, they need a new network system for their new clinic. The IT director of this health care was involved in this network implementation purpose. The IT director proposed a network solution for this scenario and identified the advantages and risk of this proposed scenario. Critical Element and Necessary technology Critical Element A list of the critical elements is presented below: Security threats are one of the major essential elements to achieving the goal. Security threats can have happened in many ways such as unauthorized access, viruses on the system and many more. Security threats prevention is one of the major critical elements of the proposed network system (Vilalta et al., 2015). Application architecture needs to be changed to complete this proposed network system. At the present clinic, the application architecture is designed for single use. Therefore, for a new clinic, the IT director needs to change the application architecture to support multiple users (Pentikousis et al., 2015). Staff tanning is required for the new system. The proposed network system is the new system. Therefore, the present workers need training for the operating this new system. Necessary Technology A list of necessary technologies is listed below: A firewall system is necessary for security purpose in the new proposed network system. IDS (Intrusion detection system) is required for monitoring the network activity of the new clinic. Network mediums are needed to implement this proposed network system. End device connectivity is required to implement this proposed network design. Resource The IT director has presented a network solution for the new clinic. Therefore, resources are required to implement the proposed system (Hills, 2015). The list of resources are given bellow: Network Resource is one of the primary resources in this new proposed system. All types of network devices are being considered under this category. The hardware resource is the primary network resource for this purpose (Foster et al., 2015). To setup, a new network system the IT director of this health care system would need some network hardware devices such as the router, firewall, switches, network cables, and other network devices. The new network system would be based on the cloud connections. Therefore, cloud servers are also required for this purpose. Database Related Resources are also necessary for implementing this new network system. In this present scenario, the data server is located in the present clinic, and the new clinic will be connected to this data server (Davies et al., 2015). Therefore, the size of this data server needs to be increased. A new large data server is required. For this new network solution, the central clinic needs another three type of databases: one for maintaining the primary data server and additional two data servers functioning as the business logic data server and web server. Applications used by the present system needed to be changed. In the present scenario, this application should be controlled from the new clinic. Therefore, an application developer is required to redevelop this application (Simmons, 2014). Proposed Network Architecture The IT director was engaged to design a network system for their new clinic. The major data center remains the same location, which is modern health care center or clinic. All the other clinical technologies and application will be available in the new health care clinic. For this scenario, the cloud system is the best solution. The two clinics will be connected via a cloud system. Both clinics have one router that is connected with the network cloud system. A switch is connected to this router. For the protection purpose, a firewall system is connected to the router (Farahani et al., 2014). This router context is same in the present and new health care clinic. The present and central medical clinic contain the primary data server. Three types of data servers would be used in this case. The new clinic will be connected with these data servers via network cloud system. A network design is given below: Figure 1: Network Design (Source: created by author) Clinical Application The new health care clinic will be facelifted with the same clinical application as the central clinic. Digitalized clinical application is one of the main clinical applications designed for the new health care clinic. Some of the main digitalized application are digital x-ray application, digital mammography, remote microscopy, the cytology and many more. This application will help the clinic staffs to perform more efficient work in the clinic. This application will save time. All the performance data will be automatically stored in the mine data server. One centralized data server will help to store the data, and that can be accessed from any clinic. This centralized data server store all the information related to the clinic. The network-based information system will help to share the current patient status between these two clinics. This system would be more efficient to monitor all the patient details (Ciaffi, Cipriani, Petrelli, 2012). Benefits and Risk Benefits The centralized data server will help the staffs of the clinic to monitor the overall business process from any place any time. In addition to this, it will assist the clinic personnel to monitor the real-time patient situation. Digitalization of clinical application also a significant benefit of this proposed network system. Digitalized clinical application will provide an auto report generating facility. A customer health care report will be generated automatically and stored it in the main centralized data server. This system will be very helpful for the clinical staffs and help to save the time. Fast and secure information sharing system will assist the clinical teams to share patient information between these two clinics (Farahani et al., 2014). Risk Cost utilization factor is a big risk in this proposed system. A tremendous amount of cost is required to implement this network. The security risk is a common risk factor in any health care system. If the firewall is not configured correctly, then the firewall will not perform properly, and the security level will be decreased. System stability is one of the significant risks in any new system. If the new network system is not stable, then it will be trouble for the new clinic (Baghalian, Rezapour, Farahani, 2014). Training for Staffs: This system is new. Therefore, the clinical teams require a proper training to handle this system otherwise this system would be down (Curtis et al., 2012). Privacy also risks a standard risk in any health care system. Justification to the senior manager The provided network solution is proper and maintains all the networking rules. The proposed network system is cloud based therefore the centralized data center will help the staffs to access any patient information anytime anywhere. This is a significant benefit of this system. Also, this system will assist the workers of the clinic to save their time and support the monitoring of the real-time activities of the patients by the help of digitalized clinical application. These are the main reasons that this network solution is the right fit with this new clinic. References Baghalian, A., Rezapour, S., Farahani, R. Z. (2013). Robust supply chain network design with service level against disruptions and demand uncertainties: A real-life case. European Journal of Operational Research, 227(1), 199-215. Ciaffi, F., Cipriani, E., Petrelli, M. (2012). Feeder bus network design problem: a new metaheuristic procedure and real size applications. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 54, 798-807. Curtis, A. R., Carpenter, T., Elsheikh, M., Lpez-Ortiz, A., Keshav, S. (2012, March). Rewire: An optimization-based framework for unstructured data center network design. In INFOCOM, 2012 Proceedings IEEE (pp. 1116-1124). IEEE. Davies, E., Tyson, G., Ohlman, B., Pentikousis, K., Eum, S., Corujo, D., ... Boggia, G. (2015). Information-Centric Networking: Baseline Scenarios. Farahani, R. Z., Rezapour, S., Drezner, T., Fallah, S. (2014). Competitive supply chain network design: An overview of classifications, models, solution techniques and applications. Omega, 45, 92-118. Foster, I., Ananthakrishnan, R., Blaiszik, B., Chard, K., Osborn, R., Tuecke, S., ... Wozniak, J. M. (2015). Networking materials data: Accelerating discovery at an experimental facility. Hills, C. (2015). Successful social networking in public libraries. The Australian Library Journal, 64(1), 72-73. Pentikousis, K., Ohlman, B., Corujo, D., Boggia, G., Tyson, G., Davies, E., ... Eum, S. (2015). Information-centric Networking: Baseline Scenarios (No. RFC 7476). Simmons, J. M. (2014). Optical network design and planning. Springer. Vilalta, R., Lpez, V., Mayoral, A., Yoshikane, N., Ruffini, M., Siracusa, D., ... Casellas, R. (2015, June). The need for a control orchestration protocol in research projects on optical networking. In Networks and Communications (EuCNC), 2015 European Conference on (pp. 340-344). IEEE.

Serial Killer Essay free essay sample

A serial killer is someone who kills at constant, but patient rate. After some while he takes what is called a cooling off period. The difference between a mass murdered and a serial killer is that a serial killer will kill one at a time and then cool off. While a mass murderer will kill large amounts at a time. The victims of serial killers relates strait to the childhood. Certain victims are designated because the killer has a certain dislike towards them from early years. Most serial killers are Caucasian males ate ages between 20-40 years old. Serial killers can be motivated by countless things, things like anger, thrill, attention, or for sexual pleasure. Serial killers can be created from sexual addresses or murdering. Often they are created from a rough childhood that occurred bullying or physical abuse. Many serial killers go anonymous for a long period of time because what people imagine a killer to look like is nothing like the one in reality. We will write a custom essay sample on Serial Killer Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A huge reason why it is so hard to capture a serial killer is they are extremely intelligent. For example, B. T. K. was a normal member of society when he wasnt killing. Rader was married with children, and was a police officer. Having a normal life and remaining that life throughout the years of killing helped Dennis Rader go anonymous for 2 decades. Serial killers are formed due to their rough childhood that involved parental beating, sexual abuse, social mishaps, or sexuality confusion. These past experiences are shown through the corpses of the killers victims and exposes the lust and the need for sexual pleasure, and detectives can relate that to the killers childhood. It becomes no question that most serial killers are formed because of chronic physical, mental, and sexual abuse as a chld.